论晚清督抚与谘议局的冲突及原因

Research on the Conflicts between Governors and Provincial Assemblies

在各省设立谘议局是清廷预备立宪的重要举措之一。谘议局与督抚间发生了一系列冲突,此前学界关于谘议局与督抚冲突的研究多从谘议局一方立论,认为两者间的矛盾冲突反映了资产阶级立宪派与清朝封建统治者的斗争。如此立论虽有一定道理,但在某种程度上亦存在着把复杂的历史事件简单化的缺陷。造成督抚与谘议局之间冲突的原因是多方面的,有督抚维护自身专制权力的因素,有谘议局议员缺乏行政经验、书生论政的因素,有谘议局议员地方主义思想作祟的因素,还有部分谘议局议员把持谘议局谋求私利的因素,需作具体分析。

The establishment of assemblies in all the provinces was a significant measure for the preparation for constitutionalism during the late Qing Dynasty. Many conflicts took place between governors and provincial assemblies as a result. The existing researches mainly take the position of provincial assemblies and regard these contradictions and conflicts as a struggle between the capitalist constitutionalists and the feudal rulers of the Qing government. Conclusion of this kind has naturally its merits; however, it has its demerits of simplifying complex historical events. There do exist multiple reasons behind theses conflicts between the two, for, on the one hand, the governors tried to maintain their authority while the legislators lacked administrative experiences and were obsessed with local interests, and some even manipulated the provincial assemblies for self interests, on the other. The purpose of the present article is to illustrate and analyze these factors specifically.