磷同位素示踪技术在生态与资源环境科学研究中的新进展

NEW ADVANCE OF THE P ISOTOPIC TRACING IN THE ECOLOGY AND RESOURCE-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES:A REVIEW

同位素示踪技术广泛应用于土壤-植物-动物生产-环境系统中磷的活化、形态转化、吸收利用、迁移规律等方面的研究,极大地推动了生态、资源环境科学的发展。本文介绍了几种利用同位素示踪技术研究磷在土壤-植物-动物生产-环境系统中动态行为方法的进展,其中放射性同位素磷稀释技术已应用于盆栽和大田试验的研究,主要包括直接标记水溶性磷肥磷或土壤易交换性磷、间接标记难溶性磷和难溶性磷酸盐通过中子堆照活化3种方法。磷酸盐中氧稳定性同位素示踪技术是新近发展起来、并不断完善的方法,为磷从农田到水体环境迁移过程的定量研究提供了可能,但该技术在土壤-植物系统中的应用还存在一定的局限性,有待技术与理论上的进一步完善。核磁共振技术为生态系统中磷形态变化,尤其是有机磷形态的定性与定量研究提供新的研究手段。

P tracers are widely applied to plant-soil-manure production-environment systems to study activity of phosphorus,forms changes,which promotes and changes.It induces the development of ecology and resource environment sciences.This review shows the approach of P tracer in plant-soil-manure production-environment systems,which includes direct labeling technique,indirect labeling technique or exposed directly.The use of stable isotopes of oxygen in phosphate made it possible to quantify the phosphorus cycling under field conditions and air system.However,the use is limited in plant and soil systems.NMR techniques were widely used to study the changes of phosphorus forms.It supplies a new tool to qualify and quantify of different forms of phosphorus