主动脉处的血流动力学特性及其生理意义

Hemodynamic characteristics of the aorta and its physiological significance

主动脉结构复杂成三维螺旋状,在心脏收缩期该处流动成旋动流态。这种旋动流态也许有着积极的生理意义,能够通过抑制湍流、促进物质传输,从而抑制心血管疾病的发生。引起主动脉处的旋动流主要是左心室收缩的扭曲运动、主动脉的三维空间几何构型、主动脉处的脉动流特征以及主动脉的运动。基于以上研究结果,近年来,研究者们以期将旋动流原理应用于心血管介入治疗和心血管介入器械的设计中。本文就主动脉处的旋动流态观察、其生理意义、引起该旋动流态的原因、及旋动流在临床器械设计中的应用等进行综述。

The aorta is the major blood vessel with spiral-shaped geometry where the flow pattern is swirling in late systole.The swirling blood flow may have a positive physiological role in preventing cardiovascular diseases by reducing turbulent flow and enhancing mass transport.Several factors have shown to contribute to the formation of the swirling flow in the aorta such as the ventricular twisting,the 3D spiral-shaped aorta,the pulsatile blood flow in the aorta and the motion of ascending aorta.Inspired by the above basic researches,the swirling flow mechanism has been applied to the vascular interventional therapies and the design of cardiovascular interventional devices.In the present review,the observation of swirling patterns in the aorta,its physiological significance,the factors contributing to its formation and its potential clinical application are summarized.