西安市社区老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of mental health status and its influencing factors of the elderly living in Xi'an,China

目的分析西安市社区老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素,提出保障老年人心理健康的对策和建议。方法采用便利抽样的方法抽取西安市两个社区310名60岁及以上老年人,使用自制调查问卷进行入户调查。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、社会支持、体育锻炼、失能情况、慢性病消费、心理疾病及其应对方式等。利用SAS 9.1.2软件的单因素χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人心理健康的影响因素。结果剔除回答不完整或怀疑不真实的问卷,获得有效问卷304份,有效率为98.1%。被调查人群的心理疾病检出率为27.1%。单因素χ2检验结果显示慢性病医疗消费、失能情况、社会支持和体育锻炼是影响因素,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示医疗保险、慢性病医疗消费、社会支持和体育锻炼是影响因素。结论在老龄化和家庭养老功能日益弱化的形势下,必须重视精神养老问题,通过提高老年人的社会保障水平,完善和构建社区精神养老服务等外部支持系统,有效提升老年人的心理健康水平。

Objective To analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in the elderly living in Xi＇an communities,so as to bring forth countermeasures to improve their mental health.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 310 residents aged 60 years or above from 2 communities in Xi＇an,and the subjects were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire.The survey included social demographic characteristics,social support,disability,chronicdisease costs,physical exercises,mental health problems and the coping methods.Univariate chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with mental health of the elderly.Results Questionnaires with uncompleted answers or suspected unreal answers were excluded.Totally 304 effective questionnaires were collected,with the effective rate being 98.1%.The prevalence of mental disorders was 27.1% in the present study.Chi-square tests showed that the chronicdisease costs,disability,social support and physical exercises were the influencing factors of the mental health status.Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that medical insurance,chronicdisease costs,social support and physical exercises were important factors influencing the mental health of the elderly.Conclusion It is important to emphasize the spiritual support for the aging population and the fading family support in China.We should improve the social support for the elderly and build up mental supporting services so as to improve their mental health.