汉语用亲属称谓表达对称的历时考察

Diachronic Investigation on Expressions Referring to the Listener with Kinship Terminology

汉语表达对称的方式丰富多样,显示出汉语强大的表达力。亲属称谓是其中的一种。拟亲属称谓是汉语中使用亲属称谓称呼非亲属的一种方式。以古代汉语、近代汉语和现代汉语三个时期的著作《世说新语》、《水浒传》、《茶馆》等为语言材料,对汉语用亲属称谓表达对称的方式进行历时研究,可以得出:随着宗法观念的淡薄,用亲属称谓表达对称的方式有弱化的趋势。拟亲属称谓是汉语对称表达方式的一大特色。

Expressions referring to the listener in the face-to-face dialogue are rich,which shows great power of Chinese.The kinship terminology is just one kind of such expressions.Taking some materials from the master pieces Shi Shuo Xin Yu,Outlaws of the Marsh and Tea House as examples of three periods of China（ancient period,modern period,contemporary period）,a diachronic investitation is carried out,and it is found that the trend in which expressions referring to the listener are presented by kinship terminology is being reduced.Generalization of kinship terminology is characteristic of expressions referring to the listener.