要素结构变迁对要素生产率的影响——技术进步偏态的视角

The Effect of Factor Structure Change on Factor Productivity:Empirical Evidence from the Angle of Biased Technological Progress

技术进步向来是内生经济增长理论关注的焦点,但文献普遍忽视技术进步方向和要素结构对经济效率的影响,其中产业技术进步方向更是本领域的研究空白。文章通过CES生产函数,采用三方程标准化系统法测算我国产业技术进步偏向性,并考察技术进步偏态下要素结构变迁及其对要素生产率的作用。结果发现:(1)我国各产业技术进步都呈偏向特征,要素禀赋不同引致技术进步方向呈阶段性变化趋势和产业差异,金融业与其他产业资本和劳动偏向交替变化特征不同,技术进步总体呈现劳动偏向性。(2)产业要素结构变化趋势及其动力来源差异明显,其中产业资本投资结构变动更多源于投资效益的变化,劳动力结构变动则主要来自投入效益和产业结构的共同作用。(3)将技术进步偏向性和要素结构对要素边际生产率的交互作用分解后发现,各产业资本与劳动相对边际生产率都在下降,这主要归因于要素结构效应的下降,且除金融业外,其他产业技术进步偏向性都具有提升资本与劳动相对边际生产率的作用。

Technological progress is always the focus of endogenous e- conomic growth theory, but literature ignores the effects of biased techno- logical progress and factor structure on economic efficiency. Meanwhile, the study on industrial biased technolog production function, this paper emp cal progress is scarce. Based on CES oys three standardization equations to estimate the industrial biased technological progress in China and examines the effect of factor structure change on factor productivity. The results show that= firstly, in China, the technological progress in all industries is biased, and factor endowments lead to a trend of phased changes in technological progress and industrial differences of technological progress; the technologi- cal progress in financial industry is featured by labor bias on the whole that is different from the technological progress in other industries with an alter- nation between capital and labor bias; secondly, the change trend of indus- trial factor structure and its power source differ widely, and the change in industrial capital investment structure mainly stems from changes in invest- ment returns while the change in labor structure is from investment returns and industrial structure; thirdly, the decomposition of the effects of biased technological progress and factor structure on marginal factor productivity shows that the relative marginal productivity of capital and labor in all indus- tries declines due to the decrease in the effect of factor structure; moreover, except the financial industry, the biased technological progress effects in other industries play the role in promoting the relative marginal productivity of capital and labor.