江西贛州客家5项舌运动类型的研究

Anthropologic Studies of Tongue Moving Types in Hakka

目的:人的舌在舌外肌的协同作用下,各舌内肌的收缩或舒张可以使舌产生一些特殊的运动形式,这些特殊的舌运动类型已成为人类群体遗传学的经典指标.客家人是华南汉族的主要族群之一,对其进行调查以丰富我国的人类群体遗传学资料.方法:调查了520例(男343例,女177例)江西赣州地区的客家高中生的5项舌运动类型(卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌).结果:(1)客家卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌出现率分别为60.19%、9.04%、32.69%、72.31%、5.19%.5项舌运动类型的出现率在男女性别之间均无显著性差异.(2)卷舌基因与叠舌基因存在基因互作关系.卷舌基因、叠舌基因、尖舌基因分别与翻舌基因存在基因互作关系,三叶舌基因与卷舌基因相互关联.(3)与11个民族的舌运动类型的出现率进行比较,结果表明11个民族均在某些舌运动类型方面与江西客家人存在差异.(4)聚类分析结果表明,江西客家人群舌运动类型比较接近南方族群.结论:江西客家人舌运动类型接近南方族群,与其他族群间比较有统计学意义.

Objective ：Special movement of the tongue with Intrinsic lingual muscle synergism. These tongue movement type has become the classic indicators of human population genetics. Hakka is one of the main ethnic groups of south China Han. Investigation is in order to enrich our human population genetic data. Methods ： A sample of 520 middle school students（343 males, 177 females）of Hakka was investigated on 5 tongue moving types, including tongue rolling, tongue folding, tongue twisting, pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue. Result： （ 1 ） The frequencies of tongue rolling, tongue folding, tongue twisting, pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue were 60. 19% ,9.04% ,32. 69% ,72. 31% and 5. 19% respectively. No significant sexual differencs were found in the frequencies of tongue moving types. （2） The gene of pointed tonigue had interactive relations with the tongue folding gene. The gene of tongue rolling, tongue folding and tongue rolling had interactive relations with the tongue twisting gene. The gene of clover-leaf tongue had interactive relations with the tongue rolling gene. （ 3 ） Comparing with other 11 nationalities, everyone had difference with Jiangsi Hakka in someone of the tongue moving types. （4） The results of cluster analysis showed that the tongue moving types of Jiangxi Hakka was near the group of southern. Conclusion：The tongue moving types of Jiangxi Hakka is near the group of southern, the Comparing comparison of other groups have Statistically significant.