可持续的黄河水资源管理

Sustainable Water Resources Management of Yellow River

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,在中国经济社会可持续发展格局中具有重要的战略地位。随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展,黄河水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐,开发利用程度已超过其承载能力,同时流域整体用水效率偏低、废污水排放量大,造成下游河道断流频繁,水污染日趋严重,水生态系统受到严重威胁。面对上述问题,黄河水利委员会通过开展黄河可供水量分配、实施水资源统一管理与调度、探索建立水权制度、推进节水型社会建设、强化水资源保护等一系列措施,保障多方取用水权,最大限度地满足了各方用水需求,使黄河水环境和生态功能得到改善。黄河实施水资源统一管理的探索和实践证明,对于资源型缺水的黄河流域而言,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是势在必然、当务之急。水资源管理与流域经济发展必须相互协调,应在顶层设计、制度建设、协调监督、管理能力建设等方面做好工作,以水资源的可持续利用支撑流域及相关地区经济社会的可持续发展。

The Yellow River is the mother river of China, and is of strategic importance in China＇ s economic and social sustainable development pattern. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between supply and demand of the Yellow River water resources is becoming more and more acute; the degree of development and utilization has exceeded its carrying capacity of the basin as a whole. At the same time, the low efficiency of water use and large waste water discharging, results in frequent drying up of downstream river courses, increasingly serious water pollution, and aquatic ecosystems are seriously threatened. Facing the above problems, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission has adopted a series of measures, such as available water supply allocation, the implementation of integrated water resources management and scheduling, exploration of establishing water rights system, promotion of water-saving society construction, strengthening the water resources protection, etc. , to protect water rights of the multi-parties, best meets the water needs of all parties, the Yellow River water environment and ecological functions are improved. The exploration and implementation of integrated water resources management of the Yellow River proves that, for the Yellow River which is shortage of water resources, enforcement of most strict water resources management system is imperative and very urgent. Water resources management and basin economy development should be cooperated harmoniously. A good job should be done in the top-levd design, system establishment, coordination, supervision,management ability development, etc. , to support the economic and social sustainable development of the basin and related area by sustainable use of the Yellow River water resources.