中国流域综合管理实施框架建设之探索——以黄河小花间试点区为例

Exploring in Setting up the IRBM Action Framework in China——Taking the Yellow River Xiaohuajian Reaches as Example

近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展,中国正面临着水资源、水灾害、水环境和水生态等四类最紧迫的流域性水问题。在不断的探索中,社会各界逐步认识到传统治水理念的不足,并开始探讨新的治水方略,流域综合管理受到越来越多的关注。中国政府在不断的实践中,发现实施流域综合管理是解决中国四类流域性水问题,维护流域内河湖生态健康和实现经济社会可持续发展的战略选择。世界各国在流域管理的过程中,经过长期的探索、研究和实践,形成了各具特色的流域管理模式,积累了丰富的经验。但是,这是一项复杂的系统工程,由于我国和欧盟国家所处区域位置不同、国情不同,不能照搬国外的管理模式,但对于所面对的共同水问题,欧盟国家成功的流域管理经验可为我国流域的水资源管理提供参考。为解决中国目前所面临的综合性水问题,本文以黄河小花间区域(小浪底—花园口)为试点区,在与中国政府对流域的总体定位相一致的基础上,以欧洲流域综合管理经验为基础,从问题的分析、目标的设定、规划及实施等方面,将国内外相关理念有机融合,构建符合生态要求的、可持续的、合理的黄河试点区水资源管理模式,旨在探索中国流域水资源管理的最佳模式,为进一步深入开展黄河流域乃至全国其他流域的综合管理提供借鉴和参考。

In recent years, due to rapid growth of social economy, China is now facing problems of water resources scarcity, water disasters, aquatic environment and aquatic ecology associated with river basin. With continuous exploration, people have already recognized the shortage of traditional water management, and start to find the new method to manage the water. Theretbre, the integrated river basin management （IRBM） was been paid more and more attention. Chinese government found that the implementation of integrated river basin management is the strategic choice to solve the above four problems, then to protect the health of rivers and lakes, as well as the sustainable development of society and economy. In the process of IRBM in the worldwide, many countries have their own river basin management mode and accumulated a lot of experiences. However, it＇ s a complex project to implement IRBM as it not only requires long-term exploration, research and practice, but also a solid work foundation to progress steadily. In the meantime, because of the difference of China and EU, EU experiences cannot be copied in China directly. To assist in solving current water issues, this paper takes the Yellow River Xiaohuajian reaches （Xiaolangdi--Huayuankou） as pilot area, adapted to the basin context in conformity with the orientations defined by the Chinese Government and based on the EU experiences, the working process will start from the problems analysis, objective, then to planning and implementation, which will construct the integrated river basin management action frame- work with the aim of exploring the best river basin management model, which can be further carried out on the rest of the Yellow River basin as well as to provide references to other river basins in China.