三峡库区蓄水前后区域气象要素变化研究

Research on Variation of the Meteorological Elements Before and After Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir

对三峡库区及其周边12个气象站点1951—2010年的气象要素特征值进行了线性回归分析、阶段性分析和趋势分析,结果表明:①三峡库区气温呈上升趋势,年均气温、年均最高气温和年均最低气温的增速分别为0.12、0.12、0.16℃/10 a,年均相对湿度以-0.03%/10 a的速率呈下降趋势;②库区蓄水后,绝大多数站点不仅年均相对湿度低于多年均值,而且蓄水后多年均值也低于蓄水前的;③蓄水后,平均相对湿度的变化与潜在蒸散量、降水量的变化并不一致。

The linear regression analysis, stage analysis and trend analysis were applied to analyze the climate change trend on the basis of the yearto-year meteorological data from 12 climate stations in and around the Three Gorges Reservoir area during 1951 -2010. The results show that ： ① temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir area shows a increasing trend, the annual mean temperature, the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature increase at the rates of 0.12, 0.12, 0.16 ℃/10 a respectively. The annual mean humidity has in a decreasing trend, dropping at the rate of -0.03 %/10 a; ②in the most climate stations, not only annual mean humidity is lower than long-time average annual value, but also annual mean value after water storage is lower than that of before water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir area ; ③the variation of the mean humidity is inconsistent with the variation of potential evapotranspiration or precipitation after storing water.