青年和中年精神分裂症患者心理旋转信息加工系统研究

Aging effect on information processing of mental rotation in schizophrenia

目的探讨年龄因素对精神分裂症患者心理旋转信息加工系统的影响。方法对78例精神分裂症患者，按不同年龄段将其分成两组，青年组38例，中年组40例，和76名（青年组36名，中年组40名）健康被试进行心理旋转任务的测定，测量其错误数和反应时。结果（1）与对照组[（15．2±5．8）％]相比，患者组错误率升高[（42．8±7．6）％，P〈0．05]。在对照组内，青年组正像和镜像错误率均低于中年组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在患者组内，青年组与中年组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）与对照组[（744．3±93．1）ms]相比，患者组反应时升高[（947．8±97．8）ms，P〈0．051。在对照组内，青年组正像和镜像反应时均短于中年组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在患者组内，青年组与中年组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）线性回归分析发现，对照组青年、中年组正镜像错误率、反应时均随着旋转角度递增呈线性递增函数（P〈0．001）；患者组无此线性关系。结论精神分裂症患者心理旋转信息加工机制受损，且年龄效应消失，其中青年受损程度大于中年患者。提示大脑神经系统的中年化在一定程度上能对心理旋转信息加工系统起保护作用。

Objective To explore the effect of aging on information processing of mental rotation in schizophrenia. Methods Seventy-- eight schizophrenia （Young-- aged group 38, Middle-- aged group 40） and 76 normal healthy participants （Young--aged group 36, Middle--aged group 40） from third hospital of PLA between January 2011 and March 2012 were recruited to perform mental rotation tasks, their wrong number rate and the response time were recorded. Results （1） Compared with the control group [ （15.2±5.8） % ], the error rate in the patients group was higher [ （42.8±7.6）%, P〈 0.05 ]. The young--aged control group＇ error rate in normal and mirror were lower than the middle--aged con- trol group （P〈0. 05）. But no significant difference was found between the young--aged and the middle--aged patients group （P〉0.05）. （2） Compared with the control group [（744.3±93. 1）ms], the response time in the patients group was longer [（947.8±97.8）ms, P〈0.05]. The young--aged control group＇ response time in normal and mirror were shorter than the middle-- aged control group （P〈0.05）. But no significant difference was found between the young--aged and the middle--aged pa- tients group （P〉0.05）. （3） Linear regression analysis showed the mirror and normal error rates in the young--aged and middle--aged control group were gradually linearly increasing with the angle of rotation （P〈0. 001）. But these effects were not found for the patients group （P〉0.05）. Conclusions The in- formation processing of mental rotation is impaired in schizophrenia, and its aging effect disappears, while the young--aged damage has a greater extent than elderly patients. These results suggest that the aging brain nerve system in a certain degree can protect the system on information processing of mental rotation.