基于利益相关者视角的科技风险认知与规制

Risk Perception and Regulation of Science and Technology:From the Perspective of Stake-Holders

科技风险的利益相关者主要包括科技专家、企业、政府、公众和媒体,在具体的科技风险事件中由于其相关度、紧急性、影响力各不相同,具有不同的认知特点。由于在社会地位、知识水平、权力资源、社会价值观等方面的巨大差异,在科技风险的认知与规制中出现了专家(系统)与公众、媒体与公众、"专家企业"科技共同体与"媒体?公众"社会共同体等多重冲突。建构以每个利益相关者为中心,以其他利益相关者为联动的复杂、多层次、多中心的"行动者网络"和科技风险治理模式,既能充分利用各利益相关者的认知优势和权力资源,又能弥补自身的缺陷和不足,其核心是责任与信任的双向建构。

Risk stake-holders of science and technology mainly include professionals,enterprises,government,media and the public.In specific science and technology risks,they differ a lot in the degrees of relevance,emergency,effect and perception.Due to the differences in social status,commandment of knowledge and power,and social values,multiple conflicts emerge in the risk perception and regulation of science and technology,between professionals and the public,between the media and the public,between the technology communities of ＂expertise-enterprises＂ and the social communities of ＂media-public＂.Therefore,to build up an ＂actor-nets＂ with complex multi-layered and multi-centered combination of every stake-holder as the core and other benefiters as the periphery and a governance model for technology risks,we are not only to fully utilize every stake-holder＇s perceiving advantages and power resources,but also compensate their disadvantages and defects,with the core of a bilateral construction of responsibility and trust.