不同品种和生长年限对丹参产量及有效成分积累动态的影响

Effect of Varieties and Growth Years on Root Yield and Bioactive Components Accumulation Dynamics of Salvia miltiorrhizae

同时提高丹参经济产量(根系干重)及有效成分积累是当前丹参栽培的热点及难点。通过不同品种和生长年限丹参的田间小区栽培试验,测定不同采收期丹参根系干重,脂溶性成分含量(丹参酮I,隐丹参酮和丹参酮IIA)和水溶性成分含量(原儿茶醛,原儿茶酸,丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸),研究品种、生长年限、采收期对丹参经济产量和有效成分积累的影响,以期为丹参规范化种植提供依据。无论从经济产量,还是脂溶性成分和水溶性成分产量(根系产量×含量),两年生丹参均优于第一年生。丹参脂溶性成分含量在9月份达到最高,而水溶性成分含量除迷迭香酸外在11月份达到最高值。由于收获前丹参根系的快速生长,无论是水溶性还是脂溶性成分,其有效成分产量均在收获期(11月4日)达到最高。不同品种丹参品种的经济产量及有效成分存在较大差异,生产中应有针对性的选择丹参品种。

Increasing root yield and bioactive components at the same time is hot spot for Salvia miltiorrhizae production.A field experiment with different varieties and growth years of Salvia miltiorrhizae was conducted to study the effect of variety,growth period,harvest time on root yield and bioactive components of Salvia miltiorrhizae and guided Salvia miltiorrhizae production.The root yield,content of lipophilic tanshinones including Tanshinone I,Cryptotanshinone and Tanshinone IIA,and content of hydrophobic phenolic acids including Protocatechuic acid,Protocatechuic aldehyde,Rosmarinic acid and Salvianolic acid B were measured with different harvest time.Considering root yield and yields（root yield×content） of lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophobic phenolic acids,the two-year growth of Salvia miltiorrhizae is better than one-year growth.The content of hydrophobic phenolic acids achieved the highest in September,while the content lipophilic tanshinones,except Rosmarinic acid,become the highest in November.The yields of hydrophobic phenolic acids and lipophilic tanshinones will be the highest in November at harvest due to fast increasing of root yield at October,whatever growth years.The root yield and bioactive component of Salvia miltiorrhizae is different with different varieties.The production should be targeted to choice varieties of Salvia miltiorrhizae.