日本科技开发体制的改革及对我国的启示

The Reformation of Japan's Technological Development System and What We Can Learn from It

战后日本的科技开发体制．是民间企业主导型体制，即以民间企业为主体，企业、研究机构、大学各有侧重，各级独立性较强的科技开发体制。这种体制即有能适应市场需要、便于科研生产化、有竞争力、有利于提高经济效益等有利之处，但也存在着轻视基础研究、缺乏独创性、开发领域狭窄、忽视社会效益等弊端。８０年代以来在世界科技革命的推动下，日本对传统的科技体制进行了改革，确立了以民间企业为主导、大学和科研机构密切合作、政府从中协调的新的科技开发体制，并确立了基础研究为主攻方向，重视了开发创新和国际合作与交流。日本的经验对我国很有启示。

The post-war scientific and technological development system of Japan is a system with non-governmental businesses playing the leading role, namely, around non-governmental businesses as the main bldy businesses, research institutions and universities each pays its particular attention to different fields of their studies. This kind of research system has such advantages as being well suited to the market needs, convenient to go into production and to obtain high economic efficiency. It also has, however, disadvantages. For instance, it often neglects basic research and social benefit, lacks originality and width of development field. Since the 80's, reform has been carried out on the additional technological development system in Japan and a new technological development system has been set up in which non-governmental businesses continue to act as the leader while universities and research institutions are more closely organized with the government playing the role of coordinator With the establishmat of this new system, more emphasis is put on basic researeh, innovative originality and international exchanges. From Japan's experiences as mentioned above China can benefit a lot.