孕妇及胎儿体内镍、钴、铜、砷和硒暴露水平及影响因素探讨

Levels of Ni,Co,Cu,As and Se in Maternal and Cord Blood and the Influencing Factors

目的观察孕妇及胎儿体内镍、钴、铜、砷和硒元素的水平及其影响因素分析。方法 2011年5—10月,在空气中镍、钴、铜、砷和硒元素含量较高的污染区和各元素含量较低的邻近城市(对照区)共采集60对孕妇全血(母血)及脐血,采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)测定母血和脐血中的镍、钴、铜、砷和硒元素的含量,并分别对其相关关系及影响因素进行分析。结果污染区脐血中镍、砷、硒含量和对照区脐血镍含量均显著高于母血(P<0.05),污染区和对照区脐血中铜含量均显著低于母血(P<0.05)。污染区和对照区的钴、铜和硒在母血和脐血中含量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。居住地、孕期身体状况、当地居住年限和配偶职业是血钴、铜、砷和硒的影响因素。使用多元线性逐步回归发现居住地、孕期身体状况、当地居住年限和配偶职业对血钴、铜、砷和硒浓度在考虑其他混杂影响因素后有统计学意义。结论调查地区孕妇和胎儿已暴露在镍、钴和铜等环境重金属中,空气污染严重的居住地和配偶职业是孕妇和胎儿各元素暴露的重要影响因素。

Objectives To analyse the exposure and to explore the influening factors on the levels of Ni, Co, Cu, As and Se in maternal and cord blood. Methods A total of 60 pairs of maternal blood and cord blood samples were collected in May 2011 to October 2011 both in a polluted area with higher concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, As and Se and in a control area with lower concentrations of these elements. The concentrations of elements were deter- mined by ICP-MS; the relationship of these elements between maternal and cord blood was also analyzed. The in- fluencing factors were collected by questionnaires and analyzed. Results The concentration of Ni, As and Se of cord blood samples in the polluted area and the concentration of Ni of cord blood samples in the control area were significantly higher than those in maternal blood （P 〈0. 01 ）. The concentration of Cu in cord blood samples were significantly lower than those in the maternal blood both in polluted and control area （P 〈 0.05）. There were posi- tive correlations in the concentrations of Co, Cu and Se between maternal and cord blood in the polluted and control area （P 〈 0.05）. The multiple regression analysis showed that the area of living, length of local residency, physi- cal status during pregnancy and the profession of spouse might be the factors affecting the concentration of blood Ni, Co, Cu, As and Se. Conclusions Pregnant women and fetuses living in the polluted area surveyed in this studyhave been exposed to heavy elements. The main influencing factors of the exposure in the mothers and fetuses were the length of living in polluted area and the profession of their spouses.