不同性别对“残疾”的社会表征

Gender differences in social representation of disability

目的:探索残疾的社会表征在男女性别方面的差异。方法:健康男、女性各80例,均为医学院校学生,以"残疾"为刺激词,构建反映"残疾"社会表征的词汇联想网络。采用绘制可视化网络图、k-核解析、构建随机网络进行统计学检验等复杂网络分析方法,对男、女性的"残疾"社会表征进行比较。结果:在表征的结构特征方面,研究发现男、女性对"残疾"的社会表征有着相近的词汇量、密度和组元构成比例;女性社会表征中的词汇地位较男性更均等;男、女两性均存在中心核结构。在中心核所含的内容方面,两性既有共享的核心要素,也有着各自不同的核心要素。共享核心要素包括残疾场景要素(轮椅、拐杖、医院、老人)、残疾原因判断(车祸、有病)和情绪表达(同情、关爱)。"轮椅"具有最大的词汇影响范围,并且与"拐杖"一起成为将社会表征的中心核结构与周边系统联系起来的要素。男性特有的核心要素是情绪类词汇,女性特有的核心要素则主要是直接表述身体状态的词汇。结论:"轮椅"和"拐杖"是两性共有的"残疾"社会表征的象征符号。在医学院校的学生群体中,男性和女性对"残疾"社会表征有着相似的整体结构特征,但具体内容存在差异。

Objective：To explore social representations of ＂disability＂ in different genders. Methods：The enrolled subjects were 160 health college students,including 80 males and 80 females. Two evoked words networks were constructed for analyzing the structure of the social representation of ＂disability＂. By using complex network analysis techniques including network visualization, k-core decomposition and statistical analysis for randomized networks, the structures of two networks had been analyzed and compared. Results：On the structure properties, this study revealed that the social representations of ＂disability＂ had similar size, density and constituent ratio of components in both genders. It also revealed that the power distribution of words in females were flatter than that in males. There was a central structural core in each gender group. On the contentaspect, males and females shared several core elements and had other specific core elements of their own. The shared core elements included objects in a scene of ＂disability＂ （wheel chair, walking stick, hospital, elders）, causes of ＂disability＂ （ traffic accident, sick） and emotion expression （sympathy,caring）. The ＂ wheel chair＂ had the most powerful word influence domain. Together with ＂ walking stick＂ ,the two elements turned out to be core elements which integrated central core structure with its peripheral system. The specific core elements of male group were emotion-expressing words,while those of female group were words about body conditions. Conclusion：In both genders of medical students, the ＂wheel chair＂ and ＂walking stick＂ are two icons of social representation of ＂disability＂. There are similar structure properties in both genders＂ social representation of ＂disability＂. However, the contents of their representations were different from each other.