福建省2007-2011年流行性腮腺炎流行病及病原特征分析

Studies on epidemiological and etiological features of mumps in Fujian in 2007-2011

目的了解福建省2007-2011年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行病学特征,为国家扩大免疫规划控制流腮发病,制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对福建省2007-2011年中国疾病预防控制信息系统流腮疫情资料进行分析。采集暴发病例咽拭子样本进行细胞培养,用RT-PCR方法鉴定并测序分析腮腺炎病毒SH基因。结果 2007-2011年福建省共报告流腮病例38 151例,呈逐年升高趋势,2011年发病率最高达43.23/10万;全年均有发病,4～7月和11月～次年1月为发病双高峰,病例主要集中在15岁以下,占83.84%;暴发疫情全部发生在中小学,并以乡中小学暴发为主。从2011年一起暴发病例分离到腮腺炎病毒,为G基因型。结论流腮发病规律目前仍未改变每4～5年一次发病高峰的周期性;为控制流腮发病率,在落实常规免疫接种的基础上,建议对重点人群开展第二剂腮腺炎疫苗接种;同时加强流腮流行病学及病原学监测,及时发现处置暴发疫情。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of mumps,and to provide scientific information for disease control and prevention,in Fujian from the year of 2007 to 2011.Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on the data in National Notifiable Disease Reported System（NNDRS）.Viruses were isolated,identified using RT-PCR and sequenced based on SH gene.Results A total of 38 151 cases were reported in Fujian province from 2007 to 2011 with the incidence rate increasing annually,which reached the highest of 42.23 per 100 000 population in 2011.The majority of patients were younger than 15,accounting for 83.84% of all cases.Although patients could be reported in every month,but most appeared during April to June and November to late January.Outbreaks all occurred in elementary and middle schools especially those from rural areas.From one of the outbreaks in 2011,the virus was found to be G genotype.Conclusions Mumps still occurs periodically,reaching it’s high peak in every 4 or 5 years.In order to reduce the incidence,it is necessary to boost the routine immunization and to give a second shot to those in need,and to further strengthen the epidemiological and pathogenic surveillance.