四川省阿坝州在校大学生病毒性肝炎知识调查结果分析

Knowledge about viral hepatitis among undergraduates in Aba,Sichuan

目的了解大学生对病毒性肝炎的认知情况,为进一步采取干预措施提供依据。方法在阿坝州高校随机抽取部分大学生进行病毒性肝炎知识问卷调查。调查结果采用SAS9.1软件进行分析。结果本次实际调查1 524人。有22.38%的学生知道病毒性肝炎常见有五种类型,有58.79%的学生知道乙肝是由病毒引起的,有68.77%的学生认为慢性乙肝可发展为肝硬化、肝癌。有4.13%的学生了解甲肝的传播途径是水和食物传播,有34.36%的学生认为不洁饮食不容易感染乙肝病毒,有45.75%的学生知道乙肝不会通过蚊虫叮咬传播,有22.90%的学生能正确认识丙肝的传播途径。有87.93%的学生能正确认识到预防乙肝最有效的措施是接种乙肝疫苗。有78.74%的学生认为与乙肝病毒携带者同学可保持交往,但需注意防护。大学生获取肝炎知识最多的渠道是广播、电视,占62.27%,获得渠道比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 487.75,P<0.01),学生最喜欢的宣传方式是广播、电视,占63.91%,对不同方式的喜爱差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 511.45,P<0.01)。结论大学生对病毒性肝炎防治知识认识水平较低,同时还对病毒性肝炎的传播途径、危害性存在不同程度的误区,需要从多方面加强对大学生的健康教育。

Objective To evaluate the knowledge about viral hepatitis among undergraduates in Aba,and to provide a scientific evidence for taking intervention measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1524 college students who were selected randomly from a nonmedical university in Aba,Sichuan.The software SAS 9.1 was used for the data analysis.Results Out of 1524 undergraduates surveyed,only 22.38% knew that there were five types of viral hepatitis,whereas 58.79% could tell that hepatitis B was caused by a virus,and 68.77% of students knew that chronic hepatitis B could result in cirrhosis,even hepatic carcinoma.In general,college students had poor knowledge in terms of virus transmission.Only 4.13% of students knew hepatitis A was transmitted by food and water.34.36% and 45.75% did not think that HBV could be transmitted by contaminated foods and by mosquito.Only 22.90% declared the right transmission route of hepatitis C.However,the majority of students（87.93%） could realize the fact that the best preventive measures of hepatitis B was vaccination.More than half（78.74%） students thought they could continue to keep contact with classmates even though who were HBV carriers,but need to be self-protected.Most students thought the best way to acquire hepatitis knowledge was by TV or other media.Conclusions Undergraduates still have poor and insufficient knowledge about viral hepatitis.Some even misunderstand the transmission route of virus and damage of viral hepatitis.Therefore,health education about viral hepatitis should be strengthened in colleges.