岭南主要疫病的时空变迁规律初探

Changes of the Temporal-spatial Distribution of Main Epidemic Disasters in South of the Five Ridges

岭南地区作为中国一个相对独立的地理单元,拥有一个漫长的疫病变迁史。最初被固有疫病单独控制,然后成为外来疫病的受害者,再演变成为今天世界关注的全球性疫源地和疫病输出地之一。先秦—明初,岭南疟疾发病率逐渐升高,唐宋时疟疾危害达到顶峰,此后危害逐渐减低;疟疾自始至终影响着岭南地区。魏晋南北朝时,新的传染病天花从北方(这里指五岭以北地区)传入岭南。霍乱、鼠疫在19世纪先后传入岭南地区并迅速扩散至全国。当前的新疫情SARS和人禽共感禽流感,传播呈现扩散速度超快,波及范围几乎遍及全球的新特点。空间上,岭南天花、霍乱、鼠疫的疫情严重程度呈由沿海向内陆递减的趋势,疟疾则反之。

The area in south of the Five Ridges,which is considered to be a comparatively isolated geographical cell,has a long history of epidemic disasters＇ changes.At first it was exclusively controlled by original epidemic disasters and then be-came the victim of external disasters,and finally evolves to be one of the international epidemic disaster cradles.From the Xianqin era to the beginning of the Ming dynasty,the incidence of Malaria in the area gradually rose,and the harms of Malaria reached its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties and from then on reduced gradually;Malaria affects south of the Five Ridges from beginning to end.During the era of the Wei,Jin and southern northern dynasties,a new disaster-Smallpox was brought into this area.Cholera and Plague were successively brought to the area in 19th century from the north of the Five Ridges and quickly diffused throughout China.The new recent disasters--SARS and H5N1 diffused super fast and almost reach the whole world.Spatially,the harmful effects of Smallpox,Cholera and Plague were increasingly weak from littoral to inland,however Malaria was opposite.