白银市工业污染源重金属排放特征分析

Characteristics of Heavy Metals Discharge from Industrial Pollution Sources in Baiyin City

以甘肃省白银市为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了白银市工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了2000—2010年期间重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明,近11年以来白银市工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为砷>铅>镉>汞>六价铬;重金属排放总量呈下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势;但是定量趋势分析的结果则显示最近5年仅有砷和镉呈下降趋势,而汞和铅呈现明显上升趋势;2009年重金属等标污染负荷和单位产值等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为白银区和白银市东大沟流域;污染负荷和单位产值污染负荷最大的行业均为金属制品业。因此,白银市应将白银区东大沟流域沿线的金属制品业行业,特别是白银公司的重金属污染作为环境整治的重点。

Taking Baiyin city as a case study, Equal Standard Pollution Load Index and Equal Standard Pollution Load per Product were used to analyze the characteristics of heavy metals discharge from industrial pollution sources, including pollutant species, temporal spatial distribution, and industrial contribution. The results exhibit as follows： the ranking of average heavy metal equal standard pollution load was given in the order from large to small as As, Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr6~ over the last 11 years. The amount of heavy-metal discharge decreased as well as the amount of heavy-metals per product decreased from 2000 to 2010. Compared with other administrative districts and river basins, Dung da gou River Basin occupied the highest proportions of pollution load and pollution load per product in 2009, Baiyin District were the highest in 2009 than the others. Metal Product Manufacturing （MPM） Industry was the only industry with the maximum pollution load and pollution load per product in 2009. And also we knew that the Metal Product Manufacturing is the only heavy metals pollution resources. Although the absolutely total amount of heavy metals clearly decreased over the last 11 years,but It is only As and Cd clearly decreased whereas Hg and Pb increased through using the method of quantities analyisis. The results indicate that as is the priority pollutants and efforts should be fixed on the MPM industry along the Dongdagou River basins in Baiyin district.