小麦细胞质光敏雄性不育育性恢复的遗传研究

Inheritance of Fertility Restoration of Photoperiod-sensitive Male Sterility with D~ 2 Cytoplasm in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum )

以核质杂种 NC2 1 3 4和 D2 -鉴 2 6(均带有 D2 细胞质 )为细胞质供体 ,以筛选恢复系和转育不育系为目的 ,用 69个春小麦品种为核供体进行回交转育 ,观察不同核质组合后代的育性变化。初步结果表明 ,大约2 8%的品种携带有 D2 细胞质长日光敏雄性不育的恢复基因 ,约 3 5%的品种通过回交可以转育成 D2 细胞质长日光敏雄性不育系。对其中一些组合 F2 群体单株育性的分布情况进行了调查和分析 ,结果表明 ,不同核质组合育性恢复表现不同 ,D2细胞质长日光敏雄性不育育性恢复受 1对或 2对主效基因控制 ,并有一些修饰因子对育性恢复表现有影响。NC2 1 3 4可能携带有 2对 D2细胞质长日光敏雄性不育主效恢复基因 ,而鉴 2 6可能携带1对主效恢复基因。提出了相应的恢复基因遗传假设模式 。

Using the nuclear cytoplasm hybrids NC2134 and Jian26 (both with the cytoplasm of Aegilops crassa 6x) as the cytoplasm donors and 69 spring wheat cultivars (lines) as nuclear donors, the backcrosses were made, with the purpose of screening fertility restoring lines and male sterile lines. Male fertility of their F 1, BC 1, BC 2 and F 2 were observed under long day condition (≥15 h) by later sowing (later than March 25) in spring season in Beijing or in greenhouse by light supplement. The results indicated that about 28% of the cultivars carrying the restoring gene to photoperiod sensitive male sterility with D 2 cytoplasm and 35% of the cultivars could be bred as male sterility lines by transferring the nuclear into the D 2 cytoplasm. Fertility frequency of some F 2 populations was investigated and the results showed that the restoration of photoperiod sensitive male sterility with D 2 cytoplasm was controlled by 1~2 of major restoration genes and modified by some minor genes. Nuclear cytoplasm hybrid NC2134 carrying 2 major restoration genes and Jian26 may be only 1. The inheritance model of the restoration of photoperiod sensitive male sterility with D 2 cytoplasm and its complex nature were discussed.