超高产小麦氮素吸收、积累及分配规律的研究

Study on the Absorption, Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen in Super High Yielding Wheat

在超高产小麦的各个生育时期 ,不同器官全氮量存在差异 ,表现为叶片 >叶鞘 >茎秆 ,三者氮积累峰值均出现在抽穗期。植株氮积累在拔节～孕穗期出现一个高峰 ,小麦生长前、中、后三个时期积累氮的比例为1∶ 3∶ 1。开花前植株氮素主要积累在叶片中 ;开花后 ,籽粒成为氮素贮存的主要场所。在籽粒形成时 ,由营养器官向籽粒转运的氮占籽粒总氮的 4 0 %～ 60 %。在总氮量相同条件下 ,前氮后移 ,重施药隔肥 ,后期进行适量的叶面喷肥 ,可增强后期植株的吸氮能力 ,提高籽粒中氮的含量 。

Total N content of different vegetative organs were difference in the different stages of individual development in super high yielding wheat. The order of their N contents was leaf blade > leaf sheath > stem. The peak values of the N accumulation in the leaf blade, leaf sheath and steam appeared at the heading stage. The vegetative N accumulation had a peak at the elongation stage to booting stage. The proportion of N accumulation in the earlier, medium and later stage of wheat growing was 1∶3∶1. N was mainly accumulated in the leaves before anther connective stage, and in the grains after that. About 40%~60% of the N in the grains came mainly from redistribution of the N accumulated in vegetative organs . When the amount of N applied were the same, it was suggested that N should not be applied at the very beginning , and apply connective fertilizer, and then spray N to leaf blade in intermediate and later stage, that could enhance the ability of vegetative absorbing N, increasing N content of grain and yield.