莱州湾地区水资源问题与对策分析

Analyses of Some Problems in Water Resources of the Laizhou Bay Area

分析了莱州湾地区水资源对气候波动的敏感性，旱涝频率及水资源污染等问题。主要结论有：水资源对气候波动很敏感，降水增加 １０％，全区水资源总量将增加 ２１％；降水减少 １０％，全区水资源总量将减少 ２８％。旱涝频繁， ３０ ａ中共发生等级在涝以上的雨涝１０次，等级在旱以上的干旱１４次。在气候偏旱时期，特大旱共发生４次，而在气候偏湿时期仅发生１次特大旱；在气候偏湿时期，大涝及特大涝共发生４次，而在气候偏旱时期仅发生特大涝１次。该区水资源已受到严重污染；尤其是在海水入浸区，水污染已造成严重危害。

In this paper, the sensibility of water resources in Laizhou Bay area to climate fluctuations, the regularity of drought and waterlogging, the water pollution and its hazard effects are discussed. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Regional water resources is very sensitive to climatic fluctuations. Change by 10% in precipitation will cause change by 21%～28% in total water resources. (2) During the thirty years (1961～1990), regional waterlogging occurs ten times and regional drought occurs fourteen times. (3) The surface water in this region is polluted by waste water coming from industrial pollution sources, agricultural recharge and domestic sewage. In the sea water intrusion area, ground water has been polluted by sea (salt) water, and is unqualified for irrigation, industrial use and for drinking. The sea water pollution has caused great loss in industry and agriculture. Finally, tactics for water resources management and utilization are put forward.