长沙市2002-2011年职业中毒发病状况分析

Analysis on Morbidity of Occupational Poisoning in Changsha from 2002 to 2011

目的了解长沙市2002-2011年职业中毒发病情况,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法运用回顾性调查方法,对急慢性职业中毒的毒物种类、急性中毒事故发生原因,进行综合分析。结果 2002-2011年期间,长沙市共发生急性职业中毒15起,受累病人39人,死亡8人,其中硫化氢居首位,死亡率最高的是二氧化碳;缺乏职业卫生安全知识和违反安全操作规程是导致事故的主要原因;猛农、水合肼、二甲基甲酰胺、氟化氢、二氯乙烷是本市首次引起急性中毒的毒物;急性中毒病例中申请诊断率为41.02%,疑似慢性中毒病例中申请诊断率为28.19%。结论城市污水处理是发生急性职业中毒事故重要区域,加大该行业的职业安全培训和用人单位的职业卫生监督管理极为重要。

Objective To investigate the morbidity of occupational poisoning in Changsha during the period of 2002-2011,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies for the disease prevention and control. Methods With retrospective investigation methods,the poisons types of acute and chronic occupational poisoning and the reasons for acute poisoning accidents were synthetically analyzed. Results During the period of 2002-2011,there were 15 episodes of acute occupational poisoning accidents taking place in Changsha,the number of involved patients was 39,with 8 death cases.The case number of hydrogen sulfide poisoning ranked the first place,while the mortality which caused by carbon dioxide was the highest.The lack of safety knowledge of occupation health and the violation of safety rules were the main reasons that led to accidents.Mengnong,hydrazine hydrate,dimethylformamide,hydrogen fluoride,and dichloroethane were the poisons that caused the first episode of acute poisoning in Changsha.The rate of applying for occupational disease diagnosis among the acute poisoning cases was 41.02%.The rate of applying for occupational disease diagnosis among the suspect chronic poisoning cases was 28.19%. Conclusions The city sewage management is the key industry to cause acute occupational poisoning,so it is of importance to increase occupational safety training in this industry and strengthen occupational hygiene supervision and management of employing units.