黄山市2006～2010年出生缺陷调查结果分析

The analysis of birth defects prevalence of Huangshan from 2006 to 2010

目的了解黄山市0～5岁儿童出生缺陷的发生率、种类及顺位,确定重点预防人群和区域。方法采用个人访谈、整群回顾性调查的方法对黄山市三区四县101个乡镇和6个街道在2006年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间出生的围生儿(包括死胎、死产和治疗性引产)和0～5岁儿童及其产母入户调查。出生缺陷以临床诊断为依据。病种的定义参照国家出生缺陷监测方案。结果 5年明确患有出生缺陷病的有981例。出生缺陷发生率为158.69/万。其中男婴出生缺陷发生率82.82/万,女婴出生缺陷发生率63.57/万。排在前6位的是先天性心脏病、总唇腭裂、多指(趾)、先天性脑积水、泌尿系统畸形和神经管畸形。结论黄山市0～5岁儿童出生缺陷发生状况在不同年度有明显不同,呈逐年上升趋势,农村高于城市,男婴高于女婴。应将预防工作的重点放在农村,提高孕母文化卫生知识,尤其加强前6位发病率较高病种的预防。积极寻找出生缺陷的原因,为进一步防治提供依据。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of birth defects in Huangshan in order to determine the high-risk population and areas.Methods The birth defect condition was household surveyed among perinatal infants,including dead fetus stillbirths and therapeutic abortion）,and children aged 0 to 5 with their mothers underwent in-depth personal interviews and cluster sampling retrospective study on January 1,2006 to December 31,2010 in 7 prefectures（counties） covering 101 towns and 6 streets.The confirmation of the birth defects was based on clinical diagnosis.The categories were defined with National Birth Defect Monitoring Program.Results There were 981 birth defects diagnosed in 5 years.The incidence rate of birth defects was 158.69 per 10000 infants.The incidence in male infants was 82.82 per 10000 infants and 63.57 per 10000 infants in female infants.The top birth defects were congenital heart disease,total cleft lip and palate,polydactyly,congenred hydrocephaly,urogenital abnormality and neural tube defects.Conclusion The current situation of birth defects among children aged 0 to 5 in Huangshan has been evaluated,which shows an upward trend year by year.The incidence is higher in country than that in city and higher in male infants than females,but the difference between them has no statistical significance.So the key point of the birth defect prevention should be put in country areas.The hygienic knowledge of pregnant woman should be enhanced,especially in the top 6 birth defects mentioned above.Additionally,we should explore the reason of the high incidence of birth defects in order to provide basis for further birth defect prevention.