孕妇妊娠期膳食暴露与新生儿脐血微量元素及血压的关系

Study on the correlation between gestation dietary exposure and neonatal cord blood trace elements and blood pressure relationship in pregnant women

目的研究孕妇妊娠期膳食暴露情况与新生儿血清微量元素之间的关系,同时探讨新生儿血清微量元素对新生儿血压的影响,为原发性高血压的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法整群抽取合肥市和宣城市妇幼保健院139名在院分娩的孕妇进行问卷调查,让孕妇回顾妊娠期间的饮食情况;并测量新生儿出生时脐血微量元素的含量,用新生儿血压仪测量新生儿的血压。结果城市与农村孕妇相比,水果和蛋类等的摄入量存在差异;孕妇膳食暴露与新生儿脐血微量元素有关;脐血铁含量与蔬菜摄入量呈负相关(rs=-0.212,P=0.003);孕妇水果的摄入量与新生儿血液钙的含量呈正相关(rs=0.183,P=0.011);孕妇蛋类的摄入量与新生儿血液钙的含量呈负相关(rs=-0.175,P=0.015);奶类摄入量与血清铁呈正相关(rs=0.156,P=0.031);新生儿脐血微量元素钙与收缩压呈正相关(rs=0.353,P<0.05);与舒张压呈正相关(rs=0.355,P<0.05);血清铁与收缩压呈负相关(rs=-0.296,P<0.05),与舒张压呈负相关(rs=-0.292,P<0.05)。结论孕妇孕期膳食暴露可能影响新生儿脐血微量元素的含量,进而影响新生儿的血压,所以孕妇孕期不仅要注重食物的种类还要摄入足够的数量,多食用一些富含钙、锌及其他微量元素的食物。

Objective To study the relationship between the dietary exposure of pregnant women during pregnancy and neonatal serum trace elements,and accordingly,the effect of neonatal serum trace elements on neonatal blood pressure,in order to provide the scientific basis for primary hypertension prevention and control.Methods Cluster sampling was performed in Hefei and Xuancheng city maternal and child health hospital,where the questionnaire survey was carried on among 139 pregnant women delivered in the hospitals to let them review pregnancy diet.Neonatal cord blood trace elements were measured using a neonatal blood pressure instrument and the blood pressure of the neonates was also measured.Results There was difference in fruit and eggs intake among city pregnant women and rural ones;maternal dietary exposure and neonatal cord blood trace elements,cord blood iron levels and vegetable intake were negatively related（rs=-0.212,P=0.003）;pregnant fruit intake and neonatal blood calcium content were positively correlated（rs=0.183,P=0.011）;maternal egg intake and neonatal blood calcium content were negatively correlated（rs =-0.175,P=0.015）;milk intake and cord blood iron was also positively related（rs =0.156,P=0.031）;neonatal cord blood trace element calcium and systolic blood pressure were positively related（rs =0.353,P0.05）,and there was a positive correlation with diastolic blood pressure（rs=0.355,p0.05）;serum iron and systolic blood pressure were negatively correlated（rs =-0.296,P0.05）,and there was a negative correlation with the diastolic blood pressure（rs=-0.292,P0.05）.Conclusion Maternal dietary exposure has effect on neonatal umbilical cord blood trace elements in affecting neonatal blood pressure,so pregnant women should not only focus on the variety of food intake but also enough volume of food.Food rich in calcium,zinc and other trace elements is preferred.