人工草地不同措施对杂草发生状况的影响

Effect of Various Measures on Weed Occurrence from Artificial Grass

通过在人工草地设置不同管理模式、不同种植类型的2个实验组。对不同管理模式下杂草入侵情况进行分析,用重要值来反映各种杂草的入侵程度。人工管理组分别设置6种种植类型:鸭茅(80%)+菊苣(20%)、鸭茅(80%)+白三叶(20%)、车前草(80%)+白三叶(20%)、黑麦草单播、车前草单播、鸭茅单播,以研究其对杂草抑制能力的大小和物种竞争力的大小。结果表明:共发现杂草18个科38个种,无人工管理组杂草入侵严重,有31种,占81.5%,优势杂草为灰菜、豨签、小飞蓬、空心莲子草;人工管理组有杂草10种,占26.3%,优势种为空性莲子草。不同种植类型下,黑麦草中入侵杂草种类只有4种,密度12.5株/m2,皆为最低,表明黑麦草竞争能力强于车前草和鸭茅。

The situation of weeds invasion was analyzed by different level of management and planting model in cultivated grassland. The level of weeds invasion was analyzed by using importance value. Six sowing types were Dactylis glomerata（ L. ） （80%） ＋ Cichorittm intybus L. （20%） ,Dactylis glomerata（ L. ）（80% ） ＋ Trifolium repens（ 20% ）,Plantago asiatica（ L. ）（ 80% ） ＋ Trifolium repens（ 20% ）,Lolium perenne （L.） ,Plantago asiatica （L.）, Dactylis glomerata（ L. ）. The results showed that the many kinds of weeds were observed in cultivated grassland, which belong to 38 species in 18 families. The weeds were occurred seriously at extensive management, which were 81.5% including 31 species. The dominant weeds were Chenopodi- um album （L.） , Siegesbeckia orientalis （L.） , Conyza canadensis （L.） and Alternanthera philoxeroides （Mart.） Griseb. The weeds including 10 species were found at intensive management, Alternanthera philoxeroides （Mart.） Griseb was the dominate species. 4 weeds were observed in sowing Lolium perenne （L.） and its density was 12.5 plants per square meter in different planting group, all of these were the lowest compared to Dactylis glomerata（ L. ） and Plantago asiatica（ L. ）.