数学问题类比迁移的影响因素研究

The Research on Affecting Factors of Analogical Transfer in Mathematic Problems Solving

类比迁移在人类的学习中有着不可替代的地位,但学科问题类比迁移的相关研究仍不充足。本文以数学问题解决为研究对象,探讨了数学问题类比迁移的影响因素。实验研究了问题相似性、被试特点(年级、元认知监控)对数学问题类比迁移的影响。实验结果表明:源靶问题间的表面相似性是影响类比迁移的主要因素,它既促进正迁移,也容易导致负迁移;不同年级被试解决数学问题成绩差异显著;被试在解决数学问题时的实时元认知监控与该问题的解决相关显著。

Analogical transfer takes the important place in human learning, but researches on analogical transfer in subject problems are still insufficient. The article studies on the affecting factors of analogical transfer in mathematic problems solving. The experiments studied factors in mathematic problems solving such as problem similarity, sample presenting way （learning methods） and subject features （ grades, metaeognitive monitoring）. The results indicate：surface similarity between the source and the target is the major factor affecting analogical transfer, it not only facilitates positive transfer but also induces negative transfer;the difference of the achievement in different grades is significant;and the correlation between subjects＇ metacognitive monitoring in the mathematic problem solving and its achieve- ment is significant.