考虑生态用水的水库群优化调度研究

Study on optimal scheduling multi-reservoirs considering ecological water demand

生态用水调度是维持河道生态健康稳定的重要手段,在水库群的调度规则中应当纳入生态用水因素。通过考虑生态流量目标需求,建立了沙河水库群生态用水调度模型,并根据长系列优化运行的结果,对考虑生态的水库群调度规则和生态流量满足程度进行分析。结果表明,进行生态调度能有效减小供水期末的生态破坏,而对社会经济用水影响不大,最小生态和适宜生态流量的保证率分别达到98%和82%,且下游河道的流量更接近天然水流情势;库水位在不同的水平年表现不同的变化趋势,同时水库调度规则受到上下游次序和边界入流的影响,可为水库群联合进行生态用水调度提供依据。

Scheduling of ecological water demand is important to maintain river ecological health and stability, thus it should be included in optimal scheduling rules for multiple-reservoirs system. In this paper, a scheduling model is developed and applied to the Shahe reservoir considering ecological flow demand, and scheduling rules of multiple-reservoirs system and satisfaction of ecological flow demand are analyzed through calculations and long-term optimization. Results show that ecological scheduling can effectively reduce ecological degradation, while keeping little influence on social-economic water demands. Guarantee levels of minimum ecological flow and appropriate ecological flow can reach 98% and 82% , respectively, and flows in the downstream river are simultaneously maintained closer to natural flow conditions. With reservoir levels varying with different trends in different hydrological years, scheduling rules should he adjusted according to these trends, the location of reservoir in the basin and its inflow condition. This work provides a guide for ecological scheduling of reservoir system.