基于下游河道水流情势天然性要求的水库优化调度

Downstream natural flow regime-based optimal operation of reservoir

去贴近能够满足所有物种要求的河流天然水文情势的方法比起只重视少量物种生存条件的方法更优。RVA方法基于32个水流指标全面描述了河流的水流情势,并量化出受人类影响后的水文情势的水文变化测度。本文首先基于RVA方法建立了考虑水流情势天然性要求的河流生态目标,并根据目标集对河流环境的隶属性,采用模糊学理论确定出目标集的隶属函数,作为优化目标。再将该方法用于丹江口水库,建立基于其下游襄阳断面河道水流情势要求的生态调度模型,并进行优化求解,得出最优出流过程对襄阳断面的环境友好度为0.5。最后建立以发电量最大为目标的传统调度模型,对比分析了环境友好度和发电效益指标,结果表明基于水流情势要求的水库调度在改善河流生态环境方面具有明显的优势,但也损失了部分的发电效益。通过对比分析也认为通过一定的调度手段,可以实现生态与发电效益的双赢。

Rather than optimizing water regimes for one or a few species, a better approach is to approximate the natural flow regime that maintains the entire panoply of species. RVA method generally describes flow regimes with 32 hydrologic indicators, and quantifies passing-dam changes in these indicators. Based on this observation, an ecological goal is established to consider natural river flow regimes in this paper. By the membership of river environment in the goal set, the membership function or the optimization goal is determined by using fuzziology. This model is applied to the Xiangyang cross section downstream the Danjiangkou reservoir, maximizing the membership of indicators for maintaining the natural flow regime. Calculations show that the maximum membership is 0.5 or that the optimum release after regulation is 50% degree close to the natural flow regime. Then a traditional regulation model of power generation is developed to analyze environment sound degree and power generation. The results indicate that the ecological model is better in improving river ecosystem, but it reduces power generation to some extent. And a win-win between ecosystem and power generation is also possible by optimizing regulation.