新中国成立初期“留苏潮”述评

"Overseas Study Rushing in USSR" in the Early Period of New China

新中国成立初期的留苏潮是在特定的国内外环境下形成的。新中国成立之初,百废待举,一个突出的困难在于建设和管理人才奇缺。在中苏友好结盟的条件下,向苏联派遣留学生,加速培养一支强大的建设人才队伍,成为新中国的一项重要战略选择。尽管留苏潮经历了潮起潮落、起伏曲折,但它对新中国建设事业的作用是不容低估的,最重要的是为国家培养了一大批技术骨干和各种专门人才。此次留苏潮与中国近代史上曾经出现过的留学潮有着很大的不同,这次留苏潮从留学生的选派、培训到政治审查、专业选择,再到学习和生活费用以及学习期满后回国的工作分配,均由政府相关部门负责,使留学运动的全过程都成为"国家行为",这是此次留学潮最为显著的特点,其利弊得失值得研究和总结。

'Overseas study Rushing in USSR' after the founding of new China formed in the specific domestic and international environment.The founding of new China,have a hundred things to do.A prominent difficulty lies in the great shortage of talents of construction and management.In the Sino-Soviet friendly allied conditions,to send students to the Soviet Union,to training and to bring up a strong construction team,became an important strategic option of new China.Although overseas study rush in USSR had ebbed and flowed,zigzagged,but its role for the new development of China cannot be underestimated.The most important is to cultivating a large number of technical backbones and a variety of specialized talents.This rush of overseas study in USSR is quite different from study abroad rushes ever occurred in modern Chinese history.The relevant government departments were in charge of all the steps,from students selection,training to political censorship,major choice,and then to study and the cost of living and learning work assignment after the expiration of study,making the whole process of the movement of studying abroad become a 'state action,'it's the most remarkable characteristic.Its advantages and disadvantages are worth studying and summarizing