暗紫贝母及浙贝母镇咳作用的化学刺激引咳法比较

Comparative Studies on Antitussive Effect between Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao et K.C.Hisa and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq with Chemical Stimulation Induced Cough Method

目的通过经典的化学刺激引咳实验法比较暗紫贝母及浙贝母的镇咳作用差异,暗紫贝母研粉物与醇提物、水提物、醇水提取混合物、浙贝母醇水提取物混合物镇咳效应差异。方法小鼠氨水引咳及豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法比较两种贝母的镇咳作用;实验分组除均设立阴性及阳性对照组外,第一部分实验中两种贝母均以研粉物直接灌胃给药,剂量为:1.5g·kg-1(豚鼠)、2.5 g·kg-1(小鼠)。第二部分实验中受试药物分为暗紫贝母研粉物组、暗紫贝母醇提物、暗紫贝母水提物组、暗紫贝母醇水混合物及浙贝母醇水混合物组,剂量为:1.5 g·kg-1(豚鼠)、5g·kg-1(小鼠)。结果两种贝母2.5 g·kg-1剂量灌胃小鼠均未表现出镇咳效应,但延长EDT50暗紫贝母较浙贝母明显;两种贝母微粉(过300目筛)延长EDT50效应强于贝母细粉(过200目筛);5 g·kg-1剂量灌胃小鼠,暗紫贝母研粉物及暗紫贝母醇提物均显示出镇咳作用,且研粉物作用略强于醇提取物;豚鼠枸橼酸引咳实验中两种贝母研粉物及暗紫贝母醇提取物部分1.5g·kg-1剂量灌胃豚鼠均显示出镇咳作用。结论对于化学刺激引发的咳嗽,暗紫贝母镇咳作用较浙贝母好;中医临床川贝母微粉入药,其有效成分能较好被机体吸收;暗紫贝母中镇咳有效成分主要存在于醇提取部分。

Objective To compare the differences of antitussive effect between Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao ET K. C. Hsia and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq with the method of classical chemical stimulation - induced cough experiment. Methods To investigate the antitussive effects of the 2 kinds of beimus through testing the cough times induced by ammonium hydroxide in mice and thecounts of cough induced by critic acid in guinea pigs. The negative and the positive control groups were similar in every experi- ments. In the first part of the experiments, two kinds of beimu powder were inatogastrically administered at the dose of 1.5 g · kg^- 1 in guinea pig and 2.5 g · kg^- 1 in mice. The Fritillaria unbracteata Hisao et K. C. Hsiao powder and the alcohol extract , wa- ter extract , alcohol -water extraction mixture of the two kinds of Beimus saved as the research objects, in the second part of the ex- periments at the dose of l. 5 g · kg ^-1 in guinea pig and 5 g · kg^-1 in mice. Results In the first part of the experiments, the two kinds of Fritillaria in mice didnt show antitussive effect at the dose of 2.5 g · kg^-1 in mice , but for the EDT50, the Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao et K. C. Hsia was longer than that of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. The antitnssive effect of the powder （ through 300 mesh sieve） was better than that of 200 mesh sieve one. In the second part of the experiments the powder and alcohol extract of Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao ETK. C. Hsia with 5 g · kg^- 1 in mice both showed antitussive effect, and the antitussive effect of podwer was better than the alcohol extract. In the guinea pig citric acid - induced cough experiment, the two kinds of powders and the alcohol extract of Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao et K. C. Hsia showed antitussive effects at the dose of 1.5 g · kg^- 1. Conclu- sion To the chemical stimulation- induced cough, FritiUaria unibracteata Hisao ET K. C. Hsia has a stronger antitussive effect than that of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. The effective composition of the Chuanbeimu can be absorbed in gastrointestinal tract with powder. The alcohol extract is the most important composition of antitussive effect.