降雨对桥梁主梁静力特性的影响

The influence of rainfall on the static characteristics of bridge deck sections

针对大跨桥梁主梁风雨联合作用现象,从静力学角度出发,分析风雨联合作用下桥梁主梁荷载的三个组成成分———风雨致静力三组分,以及桥梁主梁风雨致静力相对于纯风作用下风致静力增量,并给出了测试方法,通过在大气边界层风洞中搭建风雨联合作用试验系统,以一开槽双箱桥梁主梁节段模型为试验研究对象,完成节段模型在风雨联合作用下的静力特性试验,进而获取降雨对桥梁主梁风致静力作用的影响规律。试验结果显示:在较大的负攻角下,雨的冲击力对桥梁主梁风致阻力分量影响较大;在较小的负攻角及正攻角下,空间雨滴和主梁表面水膜附着引起的风场改变对桥梁主梁风致阻力分量影响较大。雨的质量、冲击力以及空间雨滴和主梁表面水膜附着引起的风场改变对桥梁主梁风致升力均有一定影响。空间雨滴和主梁表面水膜附着引起的风场改变对桥梁主梁风致扭矩影响最大,其次是雨的质量作用,最后是雨的冲击力作用。试验结果表明:降雨对桥梁结构的风致静力的影响主要取决于空间雨滴和主梁表面水膜附着引起的风场改变。

The three influencing factors of wind-rain-induced static forces were analyzed aiming at the phenomenon of simultaneous actions of wind and rain for long-span bridge decks, based on the analysis of static load on the bridge deck section. The test method of the increment of wind-rain-induced static forces in joint wind and rain comparing to wind-induced static forces in single wind is given. The wind-rain-induced static characteristics test was carried out in the surroundings of simultaneous actions of wind and rain built in the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel, taking a twin-separated box girder as research object. The in- fluencing rule of rainfall on the wind-induced static forces of bridge deck sections was obtained. Experimental results display the effect of impact force of rain on the wind-induced drag force of bridge deck sections is dom- inant in the large negative angle of attack of circumstances. The effect of change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges on the wind-induced drag force of bridge deck sections is dominant in the small nega- tive and positive angle of attack of circumstances. The gravity of raindrops, impact force of rain, change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges all have certain contribution on the wind-induced lift force of bridge deck sections. The change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges play the most im- portant role on the wind-induced pitching moment of bridge deck sections, followed by the gravity of rain- drops, finally is the impact force of rain. The result shows that the effect of rainfall on the wind-induced stat- ic forces of bridge deck sections is mainly depended on the change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges.