《黄帝内经》“蛊”、“痔”名义钩沉

Research on the diseases Gu and Zhi in Huangdi Neijing

《黄帝内经》所载以“少腹热而痛，出白”为主症的疾病，在古人看来是因为益虫噬咬、精气消蚀所致，故以“蛊”名之。这是古医家在审证求因基础上，以病因命名的疾病，不当附会为任何一种具体的体内寄生虫病。《黄帝内经》中的“痔”并非因“峙突”之意而名之，《释名》“虫食致痔”之说当是古医家对痔病的早期认识。痔之名义极有可能源于蚩虫之“蚩”，古医家或是据生于后阴之处的疮疡有出血之症，联想到虫食之因，进而据“蚩”有“虫”义而立痔之名。

Gu, a disease term which is described as ＇ gathering heat and pain on the lateral lower abdomen and passed some white worms＇ in Huangdi Neifing, was considered erosion of fingqi caused by bites of Gu （ poisonous insects）. This disease was named according to the way of seeking the cause from patterns identified, but it is not a kind of concrete parasitic disease. ＇ Zhi＇ in Huangdi Neijing does not mean protrusion. There was early knowledge about Zhi in Shiming, i.e. Zhi caused by bug bites. Zhi was probably named after chi （a kind of insect）. Bleeding ulcers and sores in the anus reminded doctors in ancient times of the bites of insects. This disease was named Zhi because of chi＇ s meaning of insects.