一个隐含藏族起源真相的文本——对藏族始祖传说中“猕猴”与“罗刹女”含义的释读

A Text Reflecting the True Origin of the Tibetan People ——An Interpretation of the Connotations of “Monkey” and “Srin-mo” in the Tibetan Legend of Ancestral Origin

猕猴与罗刹女交配繁衍藏人通常被看做是有关藏族起源的神话传说。本文对这一传统看法提出了质疑 ,认为此传说并非神话 ,而是藏族的重要祖源传说 ,是关涉藏族起源真相的具有实际含义的文本。文章指出 ,传说中的“猕猴”与“罗刹女”是血缘图腾符号 ,“罗刹女”种系人群应为藏地土著 ,“猕猴”种系人群则出自东部横断山区 ,二者结合的传说实际上隐含着远古两地氏族之间的联姻。这一内涵与藏文史料中关于藏地最初四大或六大氏族中曾存在藏地腹心地区同横断山区氏族相互联姻的史实记载一致 ,二者逻辑结构、族群背景与地望均完全对应。文章还对此传说在藏族起源研究上的价值及所预示的新的可能性进行了论证。

The story that a monkey mated with a srin-mo (girl monster) and gave birth to the Tibetans is usually considered a myth describing the creation of the Tibetan people. The author questions the traditional view, and suggests that the story is not a myth but an important legend related to the creation of the Tibetan ancestors, and a text that reveals the true origin of the Tibetans. The author points out that the legendary “monkey” and “srin-mo” are consanguineous totem symbols, with the latter representing the indigenous Tibetan group and the former the people from the Hengduan Mountain to the east; the union of the two implies the marriage between the two ancient clans. This implication tallies with the Tibetan historical record of marriages between the four or six large clans in the heartland of Tibet and the clans in Hengduan Mountains, and is strikingly similar in logical structure, anthropological background and locations. The paper also elaborates on the significance of this legend in the study of the origin of the Tibetans and its possible connotations.