北京松山国家级自然保护区鼠类群落多样性与结构变动分析

Rats Community Structure and Diversity in the Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing

啮齿动物是哺乳动物中种类最多、数量最多、分布最广的一个类群。在自然界中啮齿动物是一些食肉动物的主要食物来源,是陆地上许多类型生态系统中食物链的重要环节。近年来,国内外对啮齿类群落的研究已有很多报道（张知彬等,2001;武晓东等,1999;2000;杨扬等,2008;周旭东等,2004;Aragon et al.,2009;Courtalon et al.,2010;Tibault etal.,2010）。组成群落的各个物种随气候、小生境和食物的变化,它们种群数量和生活史性状等各因子便会变化。由此群落的物种组成、空间结构、多样性和种间关系等,也随时间而变化（曾宗永,1994）。

Rats were investigated in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve in Junes and Octobers of both 2009 and 2010. A total of 95 individuals belonging to eight species, four genera and two families were captured. The survey regions were divided into seven habitat types based on forest vegetations. The rodent community structures of different microhabitats were analyzed on seven indexes, including species （S）, capture rate （C）, proportion （G）, Shannon-Wiener index （H′）, evenness index （J′）, degree of dominance （D） and similarity index （I）. The results showed that Rattus confucianus, Apodemus draco and Apodemus speciosus were dominant species in the nature reserve. The proportion of Apodemus agrarius in rat community became significantly lower than that of 20 years ago, and Apodemus uralensis was found for the first time in the nature reserve. The community diversity and evenness enhanced with increase of the species number, and reduced with increase of the dominant species number.