中国大学毕业生性别工资差距分布特征研究——“天花板效应”还是“粘地板效应”?

Distribution Characteristics of Gender Wage Gap for Graduates in China:"Glass Ceiling Effect" or "Sticky Floor Effect"?

文章基于"中国大学毕业生求职与工作能力调查"数据,研究大学毕业生性别工资差距及分布特征。Quantile回归分解显示,男生毕业半年后的月工资高于女生约9%～20%,性别工资差距随分位点升高而扩大。这表明大学毕业生性别工资差距中存在"天花板效应"而非"粘地板效应"。性别工资差距中绝大部分(90%左右)归于歧视,工资分布顶端约30%的女生群体所受歧视更大,她们更应受到反歧视政策的关注。分行业和职业对性别工资的Quantile回归分解显示,行业性别隔离和职业性别隔离现象并存。此外,工作能力对缩小性别工资差距和歧视有积极作用,"211"重点大学、本科学历、具有实习经验(与专业相关和无关实习兼有)的男生工作能力更强。

Unlike the previous literature, this paper uses the data of ＂survey of Chinese graduates applying for jobs and their work skills＂ to examines gender wage gaps for college graduates across the wage distribution. Quantile decomposition shows that the gender wage gaps are approximately 9 to 20 percent, and increase across the wage distribution, but the increase is greater at the upper tail, which is the evidence of ＂glass ceiling effect＂ rather than ＂sticky floor effect＂. About 90 percent of the gender wage gaps could attribute to discrimination, 30 percent of female college graduates at the upper tail are heavely dis- criminated against, they should be focused by the anti - discrimination policy. Quantile decomposition over occupation and in. dustry further shows that occupational and industry gender segregation coexists. In addition, college graduates＂ work skills con- tribute to reduce gender wage gaps and discrimination; college graduates who are male, from 211 universities, having both ma- jor related and unrelated internship seem to have higher work skills.