雷公藤生物碱对土壤微生物的影响

Effect of Alkaloid from Tripterygium wilfordii on Soil Microbe

安全性评价是新农药开发及应用的重要基础。参照国家环保总局和农业部农药检定所制定的《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,测定95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物的毒性。结果表明,95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物的呼吸有明显促进作用;雷公藤生物碱在低剂量下,对果园和麦田土壤微生物的硝化作用无明显影响,但在200μg/g剂量下,有明显抑制作用;在2、20和200μg/g剂量下,对果园和麦田土壤微生物的氨化均有显著的促进作用;雷公藤生物碱对土壤真菌有一定的抑制作用,但其投毒系数均小于5;雷公藤生物碱对2种不同土壤中的放线菌、固氮菌无抑制作用。由上述结果可见,95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物低毒。说明雷公藤生物碱对土壤环境较为安全。

Safety assessment is critically necessary for the development and application of new pesticides.Following the Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticide,we evaluated the toxicity of 95% total alkaloid and 1.0% alkaloid ME from Triperygiy wilfordii on soil microbe.The results showed that the toxicity of 95% total alkaloid and 1.0% T.wilfordii alkaloid ME have significant promoter action to the respiration of soil microbe.In lower dose,95% total alkaloid and 1.0% T.wilfordii alkaloid ME have no significant effect on nitrification on orchard and wheat soil,while have inhibitory action at the dose of 200 μg/g;the alkaloid from T.wilfordii have inhibitory action on soil fungi,while the poisoning coefficient were less than 5;the alkaloid from T.wilfordii have no inhibitory action on actinomycetes and azotobacter in different soils.These results indicate that 95% total alkaloid and 1.0% T.wilfordii alkaloid ME have low toxicity to soil microbe.We conclude that the alkaloid from T.wilfordii is generally safe to soil environment.