马克思对物质利益的最初关注和早期探索——对学界三题的辨析

Marx's Initial Focus and Early Exploration on the Material Interests: Discrimination of Academia Three Questions

马克思最初关注物质利益问题不是由于在《莱茵报》时期"第一次遇到要对所谓物质利益发表意见的难事",而是由于在青少年时期遇到社会环境、家庭教育、文化启蒙以及个人独特的人文情怀与治思路径。《莱茵报》时期马克思所谈的物质利益并非抽象的概念或飘渺的幽灵,而是具有现实的历史的内容。这一时期的马克思已经在思想上实现了对黑格尔抽象理性主义的超越。马克思对物质利益和劳动群众的关注决定了他从来就不是一个传统意义上的理想主义者,因此,也就不存在从理想主义向现实主义的转向问题。

The background and reason of Marx＇s initial focus on the material interests is not the first comment on ma- terial interests during the Rheinische Zeitung period, but the social environment, family education, cultural enlight- enment in his adolescence, and individual human feelings and governance thinking path. During the Rheinische Zei- tung period, Marx＇s talking about material interests is not abstract concept or misty ghost but with realistic historical content. Marx in this period went beyond the abstract rationalism of Hegel. Marx＇s concern for material interests and the laboring masses decided that he never was an idealist of the traditional sense. Therefore, there never existed the steering from idealism to realism.