三牙轮钻头水力系统的研究与应用

STUDY AND APPLICATION OF THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF THREE ROLLER BIT

水力系统是三牙轮钻头结构设计的重要组成部分 ,水力系统设计的合理与否直接影响钻头的使用寿命和机械钻速。针对近十年来三牙轮钻头在应用中出现的腔室流体刺穿喷嘴盒和储油腔等问题 ,我们采用全尺寸钻头实验研究的方法 ,重点对 2 1 5 9mm三牙轮钻头的水力系统进行了较全面的研究 ,找出了钻头腔室流体冲蚀破坏钻头的原因和影响因素。在理论与实验研究的基础上 ,设计出了 2 1 5 9mm双喷嘴新型水力系统钻头 ,并在新疆克拉玛依油田进行了井下工业试验。在相同条件下 ,试验的六只钻头平均机械钻速提高 42 48% ,单只钻头进尺平均提高 2 3 1 %。同时提出了对三牙轮钻头水力系统进行实验评价的标准、内容和方法 ,为新型水力系统钻头的设计和评价提供了理论依据。

The hydraulic system of three roller bit is an important component in the design of the bit structure.Whe-ther the design of the hydraulic system is rational will directly influence the service life and penetration rate of the bit.In view of the problems that the nozzle case and oil-storage cavity were damaged by the fluid in the chamber,arised in the application of three roller bit in about ten years,the hydraulic system of three roller bit of *I215 9 mm has been completely studied by use of the experimental method with full gauge bit,finding out the cause and affecting factors that the bit is damaged by the fluid in the bit′s chamber.On the basis of theoretical study and experiment,a double-nozzle bit of 215.9 mm with new hydraulic system has been designed and an industrial test in borehole has been made in Karamay oil field in Xinjiang.For six tested bits,under same conditions,the average penetration rate has been raised by 42.48% and the average headway per drill bit has increased by 23 1%.The experiment evaluation criterion,content and method for the hydraulic system of three roller bit are put forward also,furnishing a theoretical basis for the design and evaluation of the bit with new-type hydraulic system.