用于边际气田开发的浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置

FLOATING PRODUCTION,STORAGE AND OFF-LOADING OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FOR MARGINAL GAS FIELD DEVELOPMENT

目前 ,世界海洋天然气年产量 450 0× 1 0 8m3,占世界天然气年总产量的 2 1 %。海上天然气的开发不仅环境严峻、技术复杂、投资巨大 ,而且建设周期长、现金回收晚 ,风险性较大。到目前为止 ,开发的都是一些大型的商业性天然气田。而大量的边际气田一般为地处偏远的海上中小型气田 ,如采用常用的固定式平台进行开发 ,收益较低 ,风险太大 ,对投资者无足够的吸引力。浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置 (FPSO)是一种新型的边际气田开发技术 ,具有投资低、建造周期短、可重复使用的优点。文章介绍了浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置的概念 ,结合国际上最新的设计方案对该装置的液化流程、LNG储存系统、卸货系统以及总体布局进行了说明。

At present,the annual output of the offshore natural gas in the world is 4 500×10 8 m 3,accounting 21% of the total annual output of the natural gas in the world.For the exploitation of offshore natural gas,not only the stern environment,complex technique and tremendous investment will be confronted with but also the cycle is long,the cash recovery slow and the risk relatively great.Up to now,the developed gas fields are all large-sized commercial ones,while a large number of marginal offshore gas fields are generally medium- and small-sized ones.If these gas fields are developed by use of the common fixed platform,the profits will be relatively low and risk great,having no sufficient appeal to the investors.The floating production,storage and off-loading is a new technique for marginal gas field development,having the advantages of few investment,short construction cycle and repeatable utilization.In this paper,the concept of FPSO is presented and the technological process of the liquefaction,storage and off-load systems of LNG and the overall arrangement of FPSO are explained.