新疆和田地区60岁以上老年人急诊疾病谱分析

An analysis of emergency disease spectrum of people over 60 in Xinjiang Hetian region

目的研究新疆和田地区老年急诊疾病谱的特点,为合理利用医疗资源提供依据。方法选择新疆和田地区人民医院急诊室登记的2010年1月1日～12月31日的老年(60岁以上)患者983例。采用SPSS17.0统计软件对患者的年龄、性别、民族、职业、疾病诊断等进行数据整理分析,了解不同年龄段、不同民族、不同性别及农民与城区居民急诊疾病构成的差异。结果 983例老年患者中,维吾尔族患者887例(90.2%),其中男483例,女404例;汉族96例(9.8%),其中男54例,女42例。农民618例(62.9%),城区居民365例(37.1%)。(1)急诊病因按系统依次为心血管急症(34.8%),神经系统急症(26.0%),呼吸系统急症(22.7%),消化系统急症(7.1%)。心脑血管及呼吸系统急症占83.2%。(2)随年龄增长,呼吸系统急症比例增加。与该地区汉族老年患者比较,维吾尔族老年患者神经系统急症与呼吸系统急症所占比例高;维吾尔族男性和女性以及汉族男性呼吸系统急症均较高,维吾尔族男性和女性略高于汉族男性,明显高于汉族女性,但差异无统计学意义。农民老年患者脑血管急症的比例明显高于城区老年患者(P=0.001),城区居民心血管急症略高于农民,呼吸系统急症比例相近。出血性卒中高于缺血性卒中,出血性与缺血性比约为1.5:1。结论应针对该地区心脑血管及呼吸系统急症发病率高,采取有效措施提高急诊救治水平,同时进一步提高该地区,尤其是边远农村高血压的知晓率和控制率。

Objective To study the characteristics of geriatric emergency diseases spectrum in Hetian area in order to provide the basis for the rational use of medical resources. Methods Nine hundreds and eighty-three elderly patients over 60 from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st,2010 in Hetian District people＇s Hospital were registered;SPSS 17.0 was used to analyse the data of age, gender,occupation,nationality and disease diagnosis to determine the difference in disease constitution. Results In 983 cases of elderly patients,887 cases were Uyghur patients（90.2%）（female 483/male 404）and 96 cases were Han patients（9.8%）（female 54/male 42）. 618 cases were farmers （62.9%）and 365 cases （37.1%）were residents in urban areas. As age increased,the proportion of Respiratory system diseases increasesd. Compared with the elderly of the Han nationality,the proportion of Neural system and Respiratory system diseases among Uyghur people are higher. The emergency diseases of respiratory system are high in Uighur men and women as well as men of Han nationality. The morbidity of the Uighur men and women was slightly higher than that of Han males and significantly higher than that of Han women,but no significant difference was observed. The proportion of Acute Cerebral vascular diseases among elderly patients in the countryside is significantly higher than elderly patients in the city （P =0.001）,The proportion of cardiovascular diseases in City residents was slightly higher than that of farmers,while the Respiratory diseases showed similar distributions. The Morbidity of Hemorrhagic stroke is higher than ischemic stroke,and the ratio is about 1.5：1.The Morbidity of Respiratory system diseases is higher in January,February,and December. Conclusions With the grim situation of high Morbidity of Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as respiratory diseases in Xin Jiang Hetian area,we should take more effective measures to meet the higher demand for emergency treatments,and to further strengthen the prevention and treatment of hypertension,especially in rural areas.