二元体制下的农民工城市化障碍解析

The Urbanization of Chinese Migrant Workers in Dual System

中国的城市化进程是一个异常复杂和艰辛的过程,近期全国范围的"民工荒"问题昭示农民工的城市化从理念到政策都有所滞后。为此,通过构建人口城市化效用模型,阐释了财富积累和人力资本都过低的现实会造成农民工在城市缺乏"自生能力",无法应对城市的高生活成本;而二元体制和城市政府规制的双重作用,又使其城市化效用进一步劣化;农民工城市化的核心是成本支付问题,由于"激励不相容",流入地地方城市政府缺乏解决动力,转而定位于流出地的城镇化,又无法解决产业支撑缺失而导致的就业机会缺失,因此必须依靠中央政府从全国范围的统筹规划来加以解决。

The process of Chinese urbanization is the hardest one in the world. The recent nationwide rural la- bour force absence suggests that a systematic problem emerges in the policy of migrant workers＇ urbanization. This paper establishes a personal migration utility model and illustrates the fact that very low financial capital and human capital will cause the deficiency of migrant workers＇ self-reliance ability which make themselves afford the high ur- ban living cost. And the policy to migrant workers regulated by the current Dual System and city government regu- lation makes their living condition even worse. The key to solving the problems in the urbanization of migrant workers is financial support. But the immigration city government has no interest to provide financial support due to ＂incentive incompatibility＂, and the emigration government can not solve the employment opportunity absence resulted from the industrialization absence. We suggest that the Chinese central government should consider to pay the cost of migrant worker＇s urbanization in a nationwide scope.