基于农户行为的农业面源污染机制探析

Analysis of Mechanism of Agricultural Non-point Pollution Based on Farmers' Production Behaviors

从农户行为与农业面源污染的相互关系出发,构建了基于农户农业生产行为的面源污染"压力-状态-效应-响应"机制框架。农户农业生产行为压力在客观方面主要来自土地产权制度、土地产出、农业政策、环境法制及宣传教育等方面,主观方面来自农户自身的家庭收入、劳动力状况、环境意识及受教育程度等。各种压力下农户在种植方式及化肥、农药、农膜等方面表现出相应的加大农业面源污染的状态,从而引起农地肥力的下降与环境污染、地下水的污染等效应,而政府则可以通过广泛宣传、技术支持及法律法规等手段对农户的农业生产行为进行监管和指导,从而有效遏制农户污染环境的行为。

With the analysis of the relationship between agricultural non-point pollution and household behav- iors ,the ＂pressure-state-effect-response＂ model based on farmers＇ agricultural production behaviors is constructed. The pressure on farmers＇ production behaviors comes from external and internal aspects. The external aspect in- cludes the land property system, land output, agricultural policy, environmental law and education. The internal as- pect includes family gross income, labor force, environmental awareness and training. Under these pressures, the state of the households shows as changes of planting patterns, excessive application of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and plastic, thus will increase agricultural non-point pollution, such as the decrease in soil quality and increase of soil and environmental pollution,increase of pollution of ground and underground water. Therefore, from the govern- ment point,many measures can be taken to prevent agricultural non-point pollution, such as increasing broadcast, offering technology support and making more law or policy.