中国苹果生产技术效率与要素产出弹性分析——以陕西、山西、甘肃10个苹果重点县苹果种植户为例

Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Factor Elasticity of China's Apple Production——Based on Apple Producers From Shaanxi,Shanxi and Gansu Provinces

在果业结构调整、苹果生产方式转型背景下,围绕苹果种植户采用不同栽培模式的技术效率及其影响因素,运用随机前沿函数(SFA)、边际分析方法以及2007-2009年的实地调查面板数据,对陕西、山西、甘肃10个重点苹果生产县446个苹果种植户的技术效率进行测算,分析影响苹果种植户技术效率的主要因素以及苹果生产过程中的要素投入-产出弹性。结果表明,苹果种植户明显存在技术无效率,有进一步提升的潜力。影响苹果种植户技术效率的因素分别为户主年龄、受教育程度、是否为村干部、接受技术培训情况、采用的栽培模式。另外,从要素投入-产出弹性来看,短期内化肥投入的产出弹性最大,其他依次为劳动力、土地、其他可变资本投入。

Against the backdrop of the changing and improving of apple structure, this paper uses SFA Method and Marginal Analysis Method to analyze the technical efficiency and marginal product elasticity of 446 apple pro ducers from 10 main apple producing counties in the provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu in the years of 2007 --2009. The empirical results suggest that the decision-makers＇ age, education level, training and cultivation mode are the main factors influencing the technical efficiency. Furthermore, fertilizer has the biggest output elastic ity in the short - run, and the others are in the order of labor, land and other variable capital input.