吉林省水稻品种遗传改良过程中地上干物质积累特性

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation in Genetic Improvement of Rice Varieties in Jilin Province

以吉林省1958—2004年间育成的14个水稻品种为试材,研究了齐穗前后的干物质生产特性及其与产量的关系。结果表明:产量、生物量和收获指数随育成年代的增加而显著增加,47年来分别增加了66.9%、28.1%、14.8%。齐穗后干物质积累量随育成年代增加显著增加且与产量呈显著正相关(0.650**),且占经济产量的比例为58.3%～99.0%;齐穗前干物质积累量与产量无显著相关关系,但齐穗前同化物转移到子粒产量的贡献率存在基因型显著差异,变幅为41.7%～1.0%。分蘖至齐穗期单茎净干物质积累量与产量的相关系数为0.656**,齐穗至齐穗后10 d的叶片净同化速率和穗增重速率与育成年代和产量均呈显著正相关。因此,单茎干重可作为早期衡量水稻群体结构是否合理的一个有效监测鉴别指标,进一步提高吉林省水稻产量应注重提高齐穗后群体的干物质生产能力。

The changes of dry matter production characteristics and its relationship with yield traits of fourteen rice varieties released from 1958 to 2004 were investigated.The results showed that yield,biomass and harvest indexes increased significantly with the increase of release year,by 66.9%,28.1% and 14.8% respectively during 47 years.Dry matter accumulation after heading increased significantly and was positively correlated with grain yield,and contribution of dry matter accumulation after heading to grain ranged from 58.3% to 99.0%.There was no significant correlation between dry matter accumulation after heading and yield,but contribution of remobilized pre-heading assimilation to grain ranged from 1.0% to 41.7%.Net biomass accumulation of single stem from tillering to heading was significantly positively correlated（r=0.656＊ ＊） with yield.Panicle weight increase rate and net assimilation rate 10 days after heading were significantly positively correlated with release years and yield.The results suggest that dry weight of single stem can act as a utility appreciation index,whether there is suitable population structure at early growth stage of rice or not,and improvement in yield should focus on increasing post-heading dry matter productivity in Jilin province.