东北亚洲飞蝗发生区生态环境特征研究——以吉林省为例

The Ecological-Environment Characters of Locusta migratoria migratoria Linnaeus Plague Area in Northeast China

对东北地区亚洲飞蝗发生地的地形、水文、气候、植被、土壤等生态环境因子进行了调查研究。结果表明:亚洲飞蝗发生区地势平坦低洼,海拔为100～200 m;亚洲飞蝗发生区一般为内陆湖或河流周边的芦苇丛生地带,适宜的栖息场所植被覆盖度<55%;发生地的土壤呈碱性,土壤含盐量均<0.5%,土壤性质有利于蝗虫产卵和蝗卵的存活与孵化;蝗卵孵化期和产卵期的气温和降水条件对亚洲飞蝗的大发生具有重要影响。

Relationships between locust occurrence and landforms of topography,climate,vegetation,soil pH value,soil salinity and soil organic matter of the locust plague area are analyzed in this paper.The results indicate that the locust plague area is low-lying reed wetlands which is nearby the inland lake;The vegetation coverage which is below 55% is good for Locusta migratoria migratoria Linnaeus to survive and the results show that the soil which the adults choose to spawn is alkalescent,and salinity is below 0.5%.The soil conditions also help to the survival of Locusta migratoria migratoria Linnaeus.The temperature and precipitation have important influence on the locust plague happened.