农地城市流转中土地增值收益分配不公平的度量——方法与案例

Study on Measuring Unfair Income Distribution of Rural-Urban Land Conversion:Method and Case

研究目的:探讨农地城市流转中各权利主体间土地增值收益分配不公平的度量方法。研究方法:运用阿特金森指数和社会福利指数对武汉市2007-2010年土地征收中收益分配的数据进行实证分析。研究结果:2007-2008年武汉市征地收益分配的不平等程度有好转,2008-2009年有恶化,2009-2010年不平等程度又有所减缓,但最后一列的福利指数说明,如果综合效率与公平两方面来考虑,这四年的社会福利却在逐年减少。研究结论:在我国现实的土地征收中,确实存在着机会不公、分配不公的问题,这将造成社会福利的损失。必须找出减少这些原因的方法或途径,才能消除政府失灵和市场失灵,实现资源配置效率和收益分配公平的统一及社会福利的最大化。

Objective： To explore the method of measuring unfair income distribution of rural-urban land conversion. The research method of this paper is to empirically analyze the income distribution of Wuhan City from 2007 to 2010 by using Atkinson index and social welfare index. The result shows that the condition of income distribution in Wuhan city has been improved from 2007 to 2008 while deteriorated from 2008 to 2009, and improved again from 2009 to 2010. But the social welfare index reflects that social welfare has been declining in these four years as far as equity and efficiency are both concerned. Conclusion： There is really unfairness of opportunity and distribution in the process of China＇s land expropriation which led to loss of social welfare. It is vital to find effective ways to eliminate market failure and governent failure. And it is also important to achieve equilibrium of land resource allocation and income distribution which is the necesarry condition of social welfare maximization.