地面不同垄沟形式对土壤水分的影响

The effect of different ridge-furrow types on water content of soil in semi-arid region of China

针对半干旱地区沟垄集雨种植马铃薯沟中水分富集叠加的可行性,将膜垄、土垄与平作的土壤水分进行比较,同时采用圭尔夫入渗仪测定了土壤水分入渗速率。用沟垄集雨种植技术,垄作为集水区,沟作为种植区,采用3种沟垄比和2种下垫面材料为处理,平作为对照,研究不同垄沟表面处理对土壤水分分布及入渗的影响,结果表明:在集雨各时期,膜垄处理之间或土垄处理之间土壤水分相差不显著。集雨前期,由于土垄结皮厚度相对较薄,土垄与平作之间的土壤水分差异不明显;集雨中期,随着土垄结皮增厚,产生径流和减少蒸发,土垄沟中土壤含水量显著大于平作;在集雨后期,随降水减少和作物耗水增大,土垄沟中土壤水分与平作差异不显著。土壤贮水量差异层出现在土壤表层0～40cm,在有差异的土层,表现为膜垄的土壤贮水量高于土垄,土垄的土壤贮水量高于平作,8月13日测定,0～40cm土壤深度,MR60比ER60、MR45比ER45、MR30比ER30分别多贮水26.61、29.91、19.07mm;MR60、MR45、MR30、ER60、ER45、ER30比平作分别多贮水39.85、52.02、35.20、14.24、22.11、16.13mm。当入渗水头相同时,膜垄沟中土壤水分稳定入渗率大于土垄和平作,土垄与平作之间的差异不明显。

To study the probability of soil water increase in furrow profiles in water harvesting system with ridges and furrows for potato production,it is necessary to find the differences of soil water content and the differences of leak rate in furrow profiles between MR（mulching ridge-ridge covered with plastic film）,SR（soil ridge-ridges with compacted soil） and traditional cultivation（flat planting）.Different ridge,furrow ratios and different ridges covered materials,using plat planting as control and ridges serving as rainfall harvesting zones and furrows serving as planting zones,were designed to study the effect of different ridge-furrow types on soil water content and soil water permeation in semiarid region of China.The results showed that the differences of soil water content were insignificant between MR（mulching ridge） treatments.Insignificant differences of soil water content were also found between SR（soil ridge） treatments.At early growth stage,the difference of soil water content between SR and plat planting was insignificant for the thin thickness of soil crust on ridges while it became significant with increase of thickness of soil crust on ridges at medium growth stage,but it became insignificant with decrease of rainwater and high evapotranspiration at late growth stage.Soil water storage of MR treatments was significantly higher than that of SR treatments,soil water storage of SR treatments was significantly higher than that of controls.