青藏高原高寒草地沙化特征的研究进展

A review grassland desertification characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原占中国草地面积38%,是我国重要的生态屏障。由于过牧、气候干旱等原因,青藏高原高寒草地沙化状况日趋严重。随着草地沙化程度的加剧,土壤机械组成粗化、容重及固相率不断增高、孔隙度相比正常土壤明显降低、土壤含水量及储水量大幅度降低。同时,土壤有机质降低比率高达70.85%～97.24%,土壤剖面pH均呈现中性至微碱性反应;土壤pH都有不同程度的增加,且呈现出上部较低、下部偏高的趋势;土壤养分N、P、K都呈下降趋势。另外,随着草地沙化程度加剧,草群自然高度、盖度、丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性均明显降低;禾本科、莎草科等优势植物被杂类草、毒草所取代;草地植物表现出对寒冷胁迫、干旱胁迫、强辐射UV-B、盐化、草地病害、放牧强度的生态适应性。沙化草地的土壤退化和植被退化相互作用,并具有负反馈效应。通过草地的沙化特征及沙化机理的论述,可为当地生态治理及基础研究提供相应的参考依据。

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau covers an extensive area, accounting for 38 percent of China＇s grassland are- a which is an important ecological barrier of China. It Due to overgrazing and climate,alpine grassland desertifi cation situation is getting worse. In the paper, soil chemical and physical properties, vegetation characteristics. interaction of soil and vegetation degradation of desertification grassland were summarized and analyzed.